clauberty

Cum Se calculeaza consumul de ulei dupa TIS Daca mai e pe forum :blink: va rog sa le stergeti

Buna, Am sa incerc sa fiu cat de surt posibil cu bla bla bla-urile :) versiunea de tis pe care o am (daca cineva are mai noua il rog sa ma faca cu ea :D daca il rog mult de tot dar sa fie in English ca in Germana il am si eu dar tot degeaba :blink: merci anticipat) In josul pagini veti vedea tipul masini mele :) si selectia vorbeste de la sine :D Ghidul de urmat pt a schimba uleiul restu Pozelor vb de la sine. Sorry pt poze dar TIS nu permite Copy/Paste :) Daca le vreti si pe restu spuneti :D

nu cred ca vrei sa aflii cata munca trebue sa depui pt a desface un far lipit cu mastic pe langa asta nu sunt doar becurile de angel eye in set :blink:

asa este me scuzati pt gresala :blink:

Na zi ce am gresit :) sau faci baza :)

Buna, Nu doresc sa fac reclama! Are cineva asa ceva http://www.autowerks.com/xcart/customer/pr...&cat=259&page=1 Daca va uitati bine au si becul de la angel eye (se poate schimba la e39 11/200 am eu si le-am schimbat). Motivul schimbarii am avut becul ars si am gasit far dar cu soclurile belite insa aveau becul bun si se poate schimba, cei drept ai nevoie de un pic de indemanare sa nu zgarii oglinda dar se poate :blink: la reprezentantza e 800 de mii Stie cineva daca se poat gasii si mai aproape de noi, eu am cautat dar nu am dat de ele. Cu astea rezolvi si culoarea galbuie de la angel eye daca tot e sa fie alba. Mai ales ca la un e39 dein 2000 farurile sunt sigilate cu mastica si nu e un job usor de desfacut stiu din proprie experientza.

ceva nu pricep ale mele au inceput sa scartie pe parbris -> ok time to change sunt din TM m-am dus la real pe spatele lor scria e39 pana in 2000 masina fiind un 525d 2000/11 m57 Stupoare la montare nu potriveste clema (mecanismul de montare) , na lasa ca doar is inventiv (lauda a sine nu miroase a bine :D ) inlocuesc doar cauciugul alta loviturea sub centura unu ii mai lung ca celalalt si culema nici cel lung si nici cel scurt nu potrivea la marime :blink: asa ca l-am luat sus l-am spalat bine bine cu apa calda si detergent pe cele vechi, Am pregatit intr-o sticla de 1.5l apa calda in care am pus ariel, am asteptat sa se dizolve tot detergentul si cu buretele iam dat pe frecus :D -> pt ca dintr-un anumit unghi cand batea soarele pe parbriz de paraca erau pete de ulei (stiti cum se vede pata de ulei pe apa cu marginea ce delimiteaza pata in multe culori) asa vedeam si eu nu ma intrebati de ce :) Sa nu vb de faptul ca imi sterga cu dara s.a.m.d Acu sterg de parca ar fi noi vedem at tin :) Problema mea de unde iau si cum le identific ca in catalog la pag 4 5-Serie [E 28] 06.81-12.87 837 S 837 [E 34] 01.88-12.96 273 S [E 39] 09.95-05.04 KUR 539 12.96-05.04 H 42 de data asta am reusit sa vb mai putin :)

clauberty/ E39 / 525d / 11.2000 / 163CP / dark blue

sa inteleg ca in pretul parbrizului e inclus si senzolul de ploaie + oglinda ?

me bucur :blink: ca nu am muncit degeaba :)

si la mine e fisurat pe partea soferului si ma deranjeaza la culme. Am fost sa ii dea gaurica sa nu fuga fisura ca nu vreu sa il schimb iarna ca nu e bine..... si da e cu senzor de ploaie si cu parasolar :) o sa imi bag mana pana la cot in buzunar la schimbare dar ce sa ii faci asta e Romania...:).... si drumurile ei.......:) 60 euro ii siliconul de parbriz (asta la reprezentanta TM) + geam full option + chedere + manopera = :blink:

pot fi multe la un asemena comportament Apa in benzina (cel mai probabil zic eu) Daca ai doua butoane pe ceasuri tine apasat pe cel din dreapta si teoretic ar trebuie sa iti apara "CHECK CONTROL OK". Daca continui sa tii apasat va aparea un cod, cod= cu ultimele 5 cifre pansonate pe "casa" telescopului scuze dar nu stiu denumirea tehnica ex 55226 faci 5+5+2+2+6 si nr obtinut va trebui sa il bagi la meniul "LOCK: ON" la care vei ajunge apasand pe "bumbul" din dreapta de pe cluster dar mai bine pun ceva sa cetesti :) How to get to the OBC codes: There are two buttons on the 540's instrument panel. The button to the lower left of the speedometer is the reset button for the trip odometer, which I'll call the Reset or R button. The button to the lower right of the tachometer is the check control key, which I'll call the Check or C button. If you don't have both of these buttons—and the check control indicator—on your instrument panel, this isn't likely to work for you. The first step is to start the car. (It may also work if the key is turned to position 1 or 2 without staring the engine; I didn't try.) Now hold in the Check button. The check control indicator will read "CHECK CONTROL OK". Keep holding the button. After a few seconds the indicator will go blank, and after a few seconds more the indicator will display "TEST-NR. 01". Now release the Check button. At this point you can press the Check button briefly to cycle through each available test, or hold it in for a few seconds to exit the test mode. In each test, you can press the Reset button to cycle through any displays that might be available in the current test (however, some tests use the Reset button to CHANGE the current value, which could be very bad—read the rest of this page before using the Reset button!). Here's what comes up for test 01. The first line is the initial display, and each subsequent line is displayed for each press of the Reset button. These displays are usually centered in the check indicator, but I won't attempt to imitate that here. I've added comments to explain the displays I think I understand. TEST-NR. 01 FGSTNR: GM615xx (VIN serial number, censored) K: 7744 BMWTNR: 8387061 CI:12 DI:06 BI:09 DAT: 43/98 (week and year of manufacture) HW:04 SW:1100/1100 ZYL:08 M:4 S:4095 (cylinders, and what else?) CAN:02 AEND:14 There's a lot of information here. You'll notice here that the OBC's native language is German—"cylinder" is represented by ZYL because that's the abbreviation for the German word "Zylinder". You'll see other examples below of German words and metric units appearing in these OBC displays, regardless of what language the OBC usually uses to communicate with you. At first, tests 01 and 02 are the only test you'll be able to access. The rest of the tests are normally locked. Test 02 is simple: TEST-NR. 02 (Instrument test) This test works only when the key is in position 1, NOT when the car is running. Press Reset and all of the gauges and lamps in the instrument cluster come to life. All the lamps except for the warning indicators (such as overheating and low oil) come on. I presume the "idiot lights" are connected directly to their respective sensors so they still work even if the OBC dies. The speedometer and tachometer move on their own from one extreme to the other, so if you want to get a picture of your speedometer reading 155 without leaving the garage, this is the way to do it. (This is not how I made my autobahn video, though. :-) If you press the Check button to advance to test 03, then hit the Reset button, the indicator will display "LOCK: ON". This refers to a lock function that will keep you out of most of the remaining tests. To unlock these tests, add up the last five digits in your VIN number, producing a number from 0 to 45. With "LOCK: ON" displayed, hit the Reset button again. The display will change to "LOCK: 00". If the VIN sum was 0, press Check. Otherwise, press Reset until your VIN sum is displayed, then press Check. Press Check again until you get back to test 03. You'll know you got it right when you press Reset at this test and get the following displays (or something like them): TEST-NR. 03 SI-L: 0610 SI-TAGE: 0000 I assume these have something to do with the Service Indicator function. Maybe there's a way to reset it from here? I've read that the service indicator timer uses fuel consumption rather than miles or time. I'm told the SI-L reading indicates the number of liters consumed since the last service. On my car, it's too high to refer to liters consumed—by a factor of two or so—unless there's some starting offset. I'll keep track of it for a while and see if I can figure it out. On this basis, SI-TAGE should be days since the service indicator was last reset. Here's the rest of what I saw. Note that I've replaced some of the numbers with X's where they can vary according to the operation of the car. Test 04, for example, has two displays related to fuel consumption. TEST-NR. 04 VBR: xx.x L/100KM (mileage) VBR: x.x L/HR (fuel consumption in liters/hr) This test shows the current rate of fuel consumption—think of it as a digital version of the mileage gauge. Someone was recently wondering how quickly his car consumes fuel while idling—mine reports 1.3–1.6 liters per hour, or about 50 hours of idling on a full tank. TEST-NR. 05 RW-VBR: xx.x L/100KM (average mileage) RW: xxx KM (range) I get about 14.3 miles per gallon overall, but your mileage, of course, will vary. :-) TEST-NR. 06 TNK: 7.5/31.0/38.5L (current fuel levels: left, right, total) TNKANZ: 39.4L PHASE1 (average total fuel level) This test relates to the fuel tank. I left the numbers in to assist with the explanation, but you'll get different numbers. The first two numbers seem to be independent fuel-level measurements; the third is the sum of the first two. My car has some kind of "reserve" gas tank with a rated capacity of "approximately 10 liters", so maybe the first number is the reserve tank. The first two readings bounce around a lot when the car is moving, suggesting that the fuel-level sensors respond fast enough to show the fuel sloshing around in the tank. The first value also starts out higher than it ought to be and declines over the first ten minutes of operation to a stable value. The second number starts out low and increases, while the third number remains relatively stable but still moves around. For example, on my first trip after making these measurements, the TNK values started out at 19.6/19.7/39.3 and declined to 6.9/31.2/38.1 within a few minutes. I assume the dashboard fuel gauge ignores the first value as long as there's fuel left in the main tank, since it seems fairly consistent from one trip to the next. I've had trouble with my OBC being overoptimistic about its driving range estimates right after the car is started when the tank is near empty, though, and I think this shows why. The German word Anzahl means "quantity". The TNKANZ value seems to indicate the average fuel level over some period. And what does PHASE1 mean? TEST-NR. 07 KTMP: xxx°C (engine core temperature) N: xxxxx U/MIN (engine RPM) ATMP: +xx.0°C (ambient temperature) It was 65°F when I took these readings (about 18°C) and the core temperature stabilized at about 108°C, which seems about right. My car idles at about 500 RPM, a value which is difficult to read precisely from the tachometer. TEST-NR. 08 V: xxx KM/H (current velocity) TEST-NR. 09 VB: xx.x V (battery voltage) Tests 08 and 09 have just one display each, and both are somewhat useful. My battery voltage, idling in the garage, was around 13.5 V. TEST-NR. 10 LAND: 02 US (country of sale?) TEST-NR. 11 EINHEIT 1: F7 EINHEIT 2: FA EINHEIT 3: 4A Einheit means "unit". Units 1 through 3, then, and each seems to have a hexadecimal (base-16) number associated with it. Intriguing, eh? It gets better later on. TEST-NR. 12 VANK: xxx.x KM/H ANK: --:-- On my car, VANK was 077.6 KM/H. Could ANK be from the German word Ankunftszeit for "time of arrival"? That would explain why it was blank, since I didn't have a destination programmed when I read out these values. In this case, VANK could be average speed for the purpose of calculating time of arrival, left over from the last trip. TEST-NR. 13 GONG? This one is the audio equivalent of Test 02. Instead of testing the lights, it tests the sounds. You'll hear, in order, the tones for the Memo, Outdoor Temperature Alert, Limit/Code, and Check Control chimes. TEST-NR. 14 DIAG: 1 C7 81 000 DIAG: 2 00 00 000 DIAG: 3 00 00 000 DIAG: 4 00 00 000 DIAG: 5 00 00 000 These would presumably change if your car has accumulated diagnostic codes for some failure. I don't know what C7 81 means; I've seen my car do the occasional strange thing, but nothing bad has happened. At least as far as I know. Now, here we get into the most intriguing test: TEST-NR. 15 PORT A00: xxxxxxxx PORT A01: 00000111 PORT A02: xx0x0001 PORT A03: 00000011 PORT A04: 000x0101 PORT A05: 001B1111 PORT A06: 00110101 PORT B00: xxxxxxxx PORT B01: 00100010 PORT B02: xx0x0110 PORT B03: x0111001 PORT B04: 000x1111 PORT B05: 11100111 PORT B06: 00000000 Here we have some cool stuff. These appear to be register values from some type of microprocessor, displayed in binary. The 0's and 1's showed here were stable when I read out these values; the x's were toggling between 0 and 1. I didn't take any time to try to figure out what these bits mean, with one exception: Notice the "B" in register A05—I discovered that this bit is connected to the button on the turn-signal stalk that controls the on-board computer (OBC) displays that normally appear in the check control indicator. Normally this bit is 0; press the OBC stalk button and it goes to 1. TEST-NR. 16 OELTEMP: -48°C This means "oil temp," but I'm pretty sure the oil was a lot warmer. In fact, I'm pretty sure there isn't anything on my car that can be this cold. So it's a mystery. TEST-NR. 17 RCC-EMPF.: ----MIN TEST-NR. 18 (No response to Reset on this test.) TEST-NR. 19 LOCK: OFF (press Reset to turn the lock back on) TEST-NR. 20 KVBR: 1000 This "test" is actually a way to adjust the OBC's fuel consumption factor. There's a sensor in the fuel injector system that indicates fuel consumption back to the OBC. This "KVBR" value is used to calibrate that sensor using the following process: Reset one of the OBC mileage indicators and the trip odometer, and fill your tank. Record the actual fuel consumption for your car over a long period (one to two months at least). Divide this reading into the trip odometer value to calculate your actual mileage. Divide this result by the OBC indicated mileage over the same period and multiply by 1000. You now have your fuel consumption factor. To enter the factor into the OBC, get into Test 20 and press Reset. This will start the KVBR value counting down. It will count down to 750, then start over at 1250. A crude user interface to be sure, but it works. You probably don't need to change the KVBR value; the default value of 1000 should be accurate. And if your calculated fuel consumption factor is outside the 750–1250 range, there's probably something wrong. TEST-NR. 21 RESET? Be careful here too—I didn't try the Reset button on this one, because I assume it resets the whole OBC. This could be a very bad thing. So, there you go—I hope the fact that I went poking around in my car will satisfy YOUR curiosity. Please don't follow my example unless you know what you're doing and are willing to accept the potentially catastrophic consequences. Sper ca ai inteles ceva. Ce pot sa iti spun cu sigurantza GARANTAT NU POTI SA STRICI NIMICA!!! Chiar daca dai RESET decat va trebui sa setezi ceasul si data si totul e OK. Se pun valorile setate de pe linia de productie si totul e OK. Garantat, am incecat eu dupa ce am schimbat o bujie incandescenta ca aveam o adresa la DIAG 1 dupa reset a disparut. Pe tine te intereseaza TEST NR 14 unde iti spune daca ai sau nu coduri de eroare. In rest eu folosesc sa vad cat mai am in rezervor cand mi se aprinde LED-ul de la Fuel TEST-NR. 06 Consumul instantaneu TEST-NR. 05 Arata L/h la statul pe loc la mine arata 0.8 - 0.9; am un 525d din 2000 TEST-NR. 02 face o calibrare a pointer-ilor si binenteles se vor aprinde toti pixelii de pe afisaj, indicatoarele vor face tura completa de 2 ori si nu numai dar cetesti tu mai sus pt restu , sper sa iti/va fie de folos daca nu cumva ati stiut de ja de astea :)) :blink: firar iar am ajuns la "roman" :)

PKW Passenger car PL Country code for Poland, or Pressure low, low pressure PLA Pneumatic idle increase or Pneumatic idle stop PLD Pump-line-nozzle, diesel injection technique (new designation is UPS) PLR Pneumatic idle speed control PLU Pierburg measurement cell, or Pierburg Aviation PM Pump motor PML Parametric steering, assisted vehicle steering. The related data (parameters) are stored in the control unit. PMR Private mobile radio PMS Engine control with load detection via intake-manifold pressure (Mercedes) or Inlet-channel injection PNAB Pneumatic adjustment device PNABU Pneumatic adjustment device, vacuum-operated (Bosch KH) PNABUE Pneumatic adjustment device, pressure-operated (Bosch KH) PNG Papua New Guinea POBSY Pedestrian protection optimised bumper system. Ford bumper system made from energy-absorbing foam plastics to protect pedestrians. POI Post-injection. See also PI, MI, and HE. POTI Potentiometer, variable resistance PPG PPG module: Periphery program module; module containing control unit diagnostic programs or other CompacSoft programs, proper name PPM ppm: parts-per-million, unit PPS Pedal position system, or Pedal position sensor PRC People's Republic of China PRG Program PROG Programming input PROM Programmable read-only memory, usually proper name PRS Programmed restraint system. Reduces the seat-belt tension and thus upper-body injuries (Renault) PS Test step or Pump control or Horsepower, unit of work performed by motor vehicles PSA PEUGEOT SOCIETE AUTOMOBILE, proper name PSD Pump control with diagnosis or Porsche limited-slip differential, usually proper name PSE Pneumatic system electronics, electronically controlled pneumatic system PSG Pump control unit PSI psi: Pounds per square inch, physical unit PSM Porsche Stability Module. Porsche-specific designation for ESP. PSP Power steering pressure PSPS Power steering pressure switch PSV Partial intake-manifold pre-heating PT Power train PTC Positive temperature coefficient, thermal resistor with positive temperature coefficient, so-called cold conductor, or PTC heating element in intake manifold for delivering heat for evaporation PT-CAN Power train CAN bus. High-speed CAN bus for drive-train electronics. See also K-CAN, SI-BUS. PTS Park-Tronic System. Parking aid. See also PDC. PV Testing instruction PVS Vacuum switch PWG Pedal position sensor, usually proper name PWL Power window lifter PWM Pulse-width modulation, special signalling form used to determine pulse-duty factors on components (for example, triggering of tank ventilation valve is usually based on such a factor) PWR Pulse rectifier PY Paraguay Q Quantity, usually of fuel Q1 Fuel quantity for cylinder 1. Similarly Q2, Q3, etc. Q-AVG Quantity average. Mean of (fuel) quantity of all cylinders QB Quality assessment QGS Quick glow system. Rapid pre-heating system for diesel engines. QHS Quick heat system. Rapid diesel pre-heating system. QM Quality management Q-OVER Q-over: Overflow quantity QS Quality assurance QSF Average function QSL Quasi select low QUADR Quadrifoglio, Alfa Romeo model designation RA Rear axle, or Argentina RAIL Common Rail, high-pressure distribution line with Common Rail diesel systems RAM Random access memory, read/write memory of a processor RAS Rear-axle steering. Actively steered rear axle used in buses, for example. RB Robert Bosch RC Remote control, or China (Taiwan) RCA Republic of Central Africa RCH Chile RDK Tire pressure check system, usually proper name RDS Rail pressure sensor or Radio data system RDU Tyre pressure monitoring RDV Reverse-flow throttle valve RDW Rest of the world (group in exhaust-gas classification) RE Right (often "re") or Inline injection pump REA Resonance detection REC Rear electrical centre (Opel) REL Relay RF Radio frequency, radio signal RFP Return pump RFS Backup light(s) RFT Run-flat tyre. Special tyre that can also be used in an emergency. RG Route guidance (Travel Pilot) RGS Route guidance standalone (Travel Pilot as standalone system) RHD Right-hand drive RHO rho: Greek letter, represents density (kg/m³) RHV Static high-voltage distribution RI Indonesia RIV Control pulse method (diesel) RKS Tire check system RL RLDM Right-hand drive Rear Left Door Module RLFS Fuel supply system without reverse flow RLV Reverse-flow valve RM Reference mark RME Rapeseed methyl ester, alternative fuel RO Romania ROK Republic of Korea ROM Read-only memory. Program memory of processor, or other memory, that can only be read. RON Research octane number, see also ROZ ROPS Rollover protection system. Automatically extendable rollbar (Volvo) ROV Rotating high-voltage distribution ROZ Research octane number RP In-line pump, or Philippines RPA Flat tyre indicator RPM RRDM Revolutions per minute Rear Right Door Module RS Restraint system or Rotational speed sensor RSC Run-flat system component. Tyres with emergency-running properties. See also RFT. RSD Backflow throttle RSV Check valve, prevents undesired reverse-flow of liquids or gases RTI Radio Traffic Information, Verkehrfunk RTM Smoke opacity measurement module, product name for exhaust-gas tester (Bosch) RTR Reverse-flow temperature control RU Soot concentration in exhaust RUE Soot emission RUEF Retrofit vehicle RUM Soot amount RUV Static high-voltage distribution, usually proper name RW Control travel RWAWS Control-travel evaluation circuit RWD Rear wheel drive RWG Control-travel sensor RX Receive line (contrast with TX line). RZ Wheel brake cylinder S S: Sensor, or super (premium) grade fuel, or sport program (automatic transmission), or Sweden s: seconds SAC Self-adjusting clutch. Transmits only the current engine torque SACV Secondary air control valve SAE Society of Automotive Engineers, US organization that prescribes standards, recommendations, or guidelines for technically implementing legal requirements (such as for engine oil, error codes, data transmission, etc.) SAM Safety (or signal detection) and triggering module. Designation for Mercedes control unit. SAS Side-impact protection SAT Siemens adaptive transmission control SAV Overrun cutoff valve, or Sport activity vehicles (for example BMW X5) SB Star-of-injection, indicates when fuel injection actually starts (the start-of-delivery on the other hand is the time at which the fuel pump begins to deliver), or Control unit for start-of-injection control (diesel) SBB Disc-brake lining SBC Sensotronic Brake Control, part of EHB (electrohydraulic brake) system SBE Seat-occupied detection SBK Safety battery terminal. Part of airbag system. In the case of an accident, the battery is rapidly disconnected from the starter cable in order to prevent short circuits and reduce the risk of fire. SBR Start-of-injection control SBS Speech-based operation system (Porsche designation) SCAN TOOL Tester for reading OBD error codes and other OBD data SCC Safety car concept. Volvo concept for vehicle in which many safety features have been integrated SCHALT Switch SCHR Steps, such as with a stepping motor SCI SCL Smart-charged injection. Petrol direct injection (Ford) Steering Column Lock SCP Serial communication protocol, proper name SCS Stability control system. Simplified form of ESP (Mitsubishi). Prevents vehicle tilting or skidding. SCU Sensor and control unit. Control unit with integrated radar sensor, main component of ACC system. SD Intake manifold pressure, or Sunroof, or Injection duration, or Control unit diagnosis SDI Intake diesel injection SDL Service diagnosis line, product designation for test line (Bosch) SDM SDM Sunroof motor or Control unit diagnosis module Sensing and Diagnostic Module (airbag) SDS Intake-manifold pressure sensor SDW Signal from anti-theft warning system SEC Seconds, physical unit SEFI Sequential fuel injection, usually proper name SELECT HIGH Select-high control for commercial-vehicle ABS systems. The pressure level is geared to the wheel running with the higher coefficient of friction. SELECT LOW Select-low control with commercial-vehicle ABS systems. Pressure level depends on wheel running with the lower coefficient of friction SET CONTROLLER Program command related to controller SFI Sequential multipoint fuel injection SFT Short (term) fuel trim (lambda-parameter correction). See also STFT. SG Control unit SGP Singapore SHD Sliding or lifting sunroof SHR Select-high control for commercial-vehicle ABS systems. The pressure level is geared to the wheel running with the higher coefficient of friction. SHZ Heated seat SI Speed index (code letter for speed), or Silicon SIA Service interval indicator. Shows the driver that oil change or annual inspection is required, for example. See also WIV. SI-BUS SID SIDC Safety and information bus system. See also K-CAN and PT-CAN. System Information Display Sid Controller SIH Sitzheizung SIL Seat electrical system, left SILA Signal lamp SIM Safety information module. Component of ISIS system (BMW) SIPS Side-impact protection system (Volvo) SIR Seat electrical system, right. SIS Service Information System, proper name or Series repair SKF Spike characteristic. Relates to Porsche transmission controls. SKO Compressor signal SKT Scale units SL Select low SLA Safety lamp SLE SLM Secondary-air injection Shift lever Module SLO Slovenia SLP Secondary-air pump SLR Select-low control for commercial-vehicle ABS systems. The pressure level is geared to the wheel running with the lower coefficient of friction. SLS Secondary-air system SM Seat memory, or Stepping motor SME Stepping-motor electronics SNA Automatic momentum utilisation SNR Part number or Record number SO Safety switch, normally closed (actuator) SO2 Sulphur dioxide. Pungent gas causing respiratory diseases. It is thus an aim to reduce the sulphur content in exhaust gases. SOHC Single overhead camshaft SOP Start of production SP Safety testing, usually in conjunction with testing of brake system SPA SPA Mirror drive Sonic Park Assist SPI Single point injection, usually proper name SPL Noise level, or Sound-pressure level SPM Mirror memory, usually proper name SPOR Sporadic SPOUT Ignition signal (EEC IV) SPS Solar position sensor SPV Injection adjustment (see also SV) SR Side-based control SRA Headlight wiper system SRC Source (of data or audio signals, for example) SRE Intake-manifold injection SRM SRM Headlight wiper motor Sun Roof Module SRS Safety restraint system (generally includes airbag and seatbelt tensioner, normally controlled by a common control unit) SS Safety switch, normally open (sensor 9) SSA Automatic start/stop SSD Steel sliding sunroof SSG Seat control unit (Mercedes) SSHD Steel sliding/lifting sunroof SSS Stop/start system SST Special tool or self-supporting tyre, tyre which supports itself and features limp-home properties SSU Triggering device for side airbag ST System tester STAE Start external, external start switch STAT Static STC Stability and traction control STFT Short-term fuel trim (for lambda-parameter correction). See also SFT. STH Stationary-vehicle heater STI Self-test input signal STM Servomotor STO Self-test output signal STOE Stop external, external stop switch SU Soviet Union SULEV Super ultra-low emissions vehicle (group in classifying exhaust-emissions levels). See also LEV, NLEV, ULEV, TLEV, and ZEV. SUS Slip threshold switchover SUV Sport utility vehicles. Vehicle group comprising off-road-capable, leisure-activity sport vehicles and commercial vehicles with all-wheel drive (fun vehicles). Better suited for on-road than off-road. Examples: Mazda Tribute, Mercedes ML 320. SV Injection adjustment (see also SPV) or Servo valve or Start valve SVC Saab variable compression. The cylinder head is tilted in order to modify the compression ratio, or Speed volume control. Speed-dependent volume control for car radios. SVG Seat adjustment transmission SVM Seat adjustment motor SW Headlight(s) or Software SWA SWC Headlight washer Steering Wheel Control SWD Vibration damper SWT Side wall torsion sensor. Detects longitudinal and transverse forces directly at the wheel during acceleration, braking, and in curves. Currently employed for quick-reaction ABS and ESP systems, in the future possibly for counteracting wind gusts. SZ Opacity number, or Coil ignition, possibly with interrupt contacts or Switching-time program (determines switching time) T t: (such as t-adj., time of adjustment) T: temperature (such as T-comp, compression temperature) T.C.S. Ignition timing control system T.O.C.S. Throttle valve control system TA Traffic announcement, or Thorax airbag (BMW) TAB Test Airbag. Excitation lead for airbag system (Mazda) T-ABGLEICH t-adjust: time of adjustment TAC Test Air Conditioning. Excitation lead for air conditioner (Mazda) TANS Tans: Intake air temperature (in °C) TAS Temperature dependent control, with distributor injection pumps, or Temperature dependent start-volume, with distributor injection pumps TAT Test Automatic Transmission. Excitation lead for transmission control (Mazda) TAU Automatic temperature system TBB Drum-brake shoes TBI Throttle body injection, central injection TBS Test Brake System. Excitation lead for ABS system (Mazda) TC Traction control, auxiliary function with ABS TCE Trailer central electronic, central electronics system for trailer TCM Transmission control module (Opel automatic-transmission control unit) TCO Tachograph (Mercedes) T-COMP T-comp: Compression temperature TCS Traffic centre service TCSA Temperature controlled spark advance TCU Transmission control unit TD TD: Time division, engine load signal tD: Transistor speed signal, square-wave signal supplying RPM for other systems such as transmission control TDC Top dead centre, see also OT TDI Turbo diesel injection TDS Tank pressure sensor TEC Total electronic control TEE Tank installation unit T-EIN t-ein: Build-up time TELE-AID Telematic alarm identification on demand, accident notification TEMP TMS Temperature Telematics TEMP. SCH. Temperature switch TEMPF Temperature sensor TEN Test Engine. Excitation lead for control unit (Mazda), usually proper name TES Thermo-electric switch or tank ventilation system (also referred to as evaporative emission-control regeneration system) TEV Tank ventilation valve or Thermostatic expansion valve (heating/air conditioning) TF Temperature sensor TFA Test of radiator fan TFI Electronic ignition switch (EEC) THA Thailand THS Toyota hybrid system. Hybrid of combustion and electrical drive, with electronic control. T-HYBRID Hybrid temperature THZ Tandem master cylinder. Master brake cylinder for hydraulic brakes. TI ti: Injection signal (t=time, i=ignition) TID Test identification data or Triple Info Display, driver information system in which certain data and information is displayed TIM Time impulse T-IN T-in: Inflow temperature (actual) T-in (nom.): Nominal inflow temperature TIPTRONIC Porsche or VW electronic transmission control. The control can be operated via a small device on the steering wheel. TKRAFT Fuel temperature (in °C) TKU Technical customer documentation TL tl: Engine load signal recorded over time TL: Partial throttle, engine operating state TLA Temperature dependent idle increase, with distributor injection pumps T-LASTPUNKT Time of load point TLEV Transient low-emissions vehicle (group in exhaust-emissions classification). Comprises vehicles with low emissions levels. See also LEV, NLEV, SULEV, ULEV, and ZEV. TLK Temperature dependent idle correction TMB Door module, passenger side TMC Traffic message channel T-MESS Time or duration of measurement TMF Door module, driver side TMOT Engine temperature (in °C), usually determined from coolant TMS Telematic system TN tn: Signal from ignition with inductive peaks suppressed. Used for RPM detection for control unit and speedometer TNA Signal output for engine speed. T-OFFSET Time offset T-OVER T-over: Overflow temperature TP Throttle valve potentiometer (actuator) TPM TPM Tempomat (cruise control) Tyre Pressure Monitoring TPMS Tyre pressure monitoring system, with pressure and temperature sensors at wheel (Opel/Teves) TPS Throttle position sensor TQ Time quantity (usually TQ signal). Fuel consumption signal. TR TR: RPM information, or contact roller, or Turkey tr: Calculated RPM signal TRACS Traction control system (Volvo) TRUST Trundle stability TS Temperature switch or Twin spark, double-spark ignition (Alfa Romeo) TSG Tank level sensor or Door control unit TSH Door lock heater TSP Trailer stability program, ESP type system for trailers, designed to prevent trailer skid (Opel) TSS Thermal protection switch TSU Speedometer signal transformer TSZ Transistor coil ignition with discrete components TSZ-H Transistor coil ignition with Hall sensor TSZ-I Transistor coil ignition with inductive sensor TSZ-IZA Transistor ignition with ignition coil in distributor TT TT division. Black-and-white division of brake circuits: one circuit in front, one in rear. T-TOTAL t-total: Total measurement time TUEV German vehicle-inspection authority TV TV: Timing valve tv: Offset time of oxygen sensor control TVA Temperature dependent full-load stop T-VIS Toyota variable intake system (cut-in at 4500 rpm in 16-valve engines) TVS Temperature dependent vacuum switch or Thermal vacuum switch TVSV Temperature dependent vacuum switching valve TWA Twin-wheel axle. Axle with twin tires on each side. T-WAIT t-wait: Wait time T-WARTE Wait time TWC Three-way catalytic converter TX TX line: Transmission line, in contrast to RX line TZ Transistor coil ignition with hybrid component TZ-H Transistor ignition with Hall sensor TZ-I Transistor ignition with inductive sensor TZS Thermal time switch U Below, underneath or Voltage UAE UAM United Arab Emirates Ultrasonic Alarm Module UB Battery voltage, supply voltage at terminal 30 U-BATT Battery voltage UBF Lower control panel. Near the gearshift lever or below the radio, some vehicles have switches or buttons, such as for the rear-window defogger. These elements together comprise a control panel, which is referred to as the lower control panel to distinguish it from another control panel on or above the dashboard. UBL Brake-light voltage UCL Understeering control logic. ESP system used in Renault Megane. UDB Vacuum limiter UD-F Vacuum adjustment EARLY UD-MODUL Vacuum module. Valve for switching and measuring intake manifold pressure UDS Accident data memory (VDO), similar to black box in aircraft UD-S Vacuum adjustment LATE UEC Underhood Electrical Center, Opel designation for engine-compartment electronics module UEDS Excessive-speed switch UEGO Universal exhaust gas oxygen sensor, non-heated Lambda sensor UERB Rollbar UEV Excessive-flow valve UG Lower limit Lower tolerance limit UIS Unit injection system, new designation for PDE systems (diesel injection systems with pump-nozzle unit) U-KAT Unregulated catalytic converter (without oxygen sensor control) ULEV Ultra-low emissions vehicle (group in exhaust-gas classification). See also LEV, NLEV, SULEV, TLEV, and ZEV. ULW Ultra lightweight UM Reversing valve (for ASR operation) UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System. Standard for the 3rd generation of mobile radio communications. Is to replace the analogue radio system over the long term. UNI1 UNI2,Additional lines on universal adapter cable, used to read out flash codes or for special purposes UP Unsaturated polyester. Thermosetting plastic used in body construction or to manufacture pressure-resistant containers. UPA Ultrasonic parking assistant UPS Unit Pump System, new designation for PLD systems URS Rollover sensor, usually proper name US Designation denoting basis on U.S. emission standards USA United States of America USB Universal serial bus. The USB interface permits simple connection of various peripherals to a PC. USG Non-interrupting manual transmission. Two clutches (drive-off and load-shift) enable electronically controlled driving without shifting interruptions. USV Change-over valve UT Bottom dead centre UUV Urban Utility Vehicle, Nutzfahrzeug fĂźr den Einsatz in der Stadt UV Ultraviolet. Used mostly in conjunction with light or radiation. UVR Voltage at valve relay UVS Rollbar and variable sunroof control (Mercedes) UW Voltage converter UZ Voltage after ignition, terminal 15 V V: Volt, physical unit, or carburetor engine, or valve, or viscose, or fan, or front v: Front, or velocity V/MS V/ms: volts per millisecond, unit for voltage per time. VA Vorderachse VAC Variant coding VAF Air-flow sensor VAG Volkswagen AG, vehicle maker, proper name VAKU-SCH. Vacuum switch VAN Vehicle Area Network. The VAN bus is a bus system that interconnects various components in the vehicle. This can be a CAN bus, but it can also be another type of bus. VANOS Variable camshaft timing VARILIS Variable lighting system (Hella) VAT Intake-air temperature sensor VC Variant coding VCV Vacuum control valve VD Choke valve VDC Vehicle distance control or Vehicle dynamics control VDV Vacuum delay valve VE Distributor injection pump (series designation). See also VP VERD. Verdeck (Cabrio) VES Fully electronic radio ignition key VEZ Fully electronic ignition system VFD Vacuum fluorescence display VFR Variable focus reflector (headlight) VGWX Preset value if sensor fails VIM Vehicle immobilizer VIN Vehicle identification number, code stored in control unit VIS Variable Intake System (Rover) VK Valve body VKP Programmable variant coding VKS Variant coding with plug VL Left front, or Full load, engine operating state VLP Preliminary charge pump VM Adjustment motor or Combustion engine VOCS Voice control system VP Distributor pump (usually factory-internal designation). See also VE VPC Volvo Personal Communicator. SCC element with fingerprint sensor that detects the identity of the driver and makes driver-specific adjustments. VR Right front or Distributor pump with radial piston VRD Vario nozzle, nozzle with variable radius VRM Valve feedback VRS Relay supply voltage VSA Vehicle stability assist. System similar to ESP. VSC Voltage supply control. Battery management system (Mercedes) VSG Composite safety glass VSO Vehicle speed out VSS Volts peak-to-peak, unit for special voltage values, measures difference between maximum and minimum voltage levels or Vehicle speed sensor, or Vehicle security systems VSV Vacuum switching valve VT Vacuum transducer VTG Variable turbine geometry. The turbine has movable guide blades, which can be varied depending on the operating state of the vehicle. A turbocharger with variable turbine geometry offers the advantage that it is more responsive than a conventional turbocharger with fixed turbine geometry. VTV Vacuum transmitting valve VVA Variable valve actuation. Variable valve control between cams and valves. Operates electrohydraulically. Duration and width of opening can be varied (Fiat, Lancia) VVC Variable valve control VVL Variable valve lift VVW Variable valve displacement VW Compensating resistor or Volkswagen, vehicle maker, proper name VZ Electronic ignition timing with static distribution VZ-K Electronic ignition timing with static distribution and knock control W/M2 W/m². Watts per square meter. Physical unit for solar radiation intensity WAA Wiper blade WALA Safety lamp WAN Nigeria WDS World diagnostic system (Ford tester) WE Water injection WEBER Weber petrol injection WEO Western Europe except Germany WFS Immobilizer WHA Water-side automatic heater WIG Wiper pulse transmitter WIV Service interval extension. Under certain conditions (use of special oils, etc.), service can be performed at greater intervals. Also referred to as Longlife Service (VW, Audi). WK Converter clutch WL Warning lamp WLR Warmup control WR Warmup control or Warning lamp relay WS Wiper or Travel sensor WSA Wiper system WSG Separate control unit WSH Wiper lever WSK Converter clutch used in semiautomatic transmission WSKS Converter clutch switch WSM Wiper motor WSS Window screen system. A type of night-vision unit (DaimlerChrysler). Supports driver in night driving by making an infrared image of what is visible through the windscreen and displaying it on a separate screen. WSZ AC ignition WT Heat exchanger WTF Water temperature sensor WUEK Eigentlich WĂK, WandlerĂźberbrĂźckungskupplung, verhindert Schlupf im Drehmomentwandler X X division. Diagonal division of brake circuits: one circuit for left-front and right-rear, and one circuit for right-front and left-rear. XE Extreme economy. Selection option for extremely economical driving with automatic transmissions XS Extreme sport. Selection option for extremely sporty driving with automatic transmissions YRS Yaw rate sensor. Component of ESP system YV Venezuela Z.Z. Currently, at the moment ZA Ignition suppression or South Africa ZAB Central display and operating unit for information ZAS Cylinder shutoff ZBR Central vehicle computer ZDA Intermediate RPM stop ZDE Intermediate RPM adjuster ZDR Intermediate RPM control ZDT Cyclical nozzle-exchange procedure ZE Central injection or Central electronics ZEE Central injection unit, Mono-Jetronic ZEV Zero-emissions vehicle. Vehicle producing no exhaust gases. See also LEV, NLEV, SULEV, TLEV, and ULEV. ZGM Central gateway module ZGW Central gateway. Computer that connects and controls data exchange between two networks ZK Ignition circuit (airbag system) ZKO Ignition capacitor ZLS Auxiliary air slider ZLV Auxiliary air valve ZME Trim unit. Control unit for the high-pressure pump (such as CP3) of a Common Rail system. Measures the fuel quantity fed to the pump. ZMS Two-mass flywheel ZNPB Central delivery volume normal test stand (special tester for injection pumps) ZOS Zero offset disc brake (no residual drag moment) ZOT Cylinder top dead centre ZRE Zaire ZS Ignition coil ZU Intermediate inspection ZUS.LUFTP. Auxiliary air pump (secondary air injection) ZV Central locking or Ignition distributor or Ignition timing adjustment ZVM Central locking module ZVN Central valve for level adjustment ZW Between ZWD Two-coil actuator (servomotor with two coils) ZWG Intermediate transmission ZWS Accessory for immobilizer ZWV Ignition timing adjustment ZYL Cylinder o lista dura dar interesanta :) mai ales la explicarea termenului "FHM" ceea ce priveste intrebarea ta DSC on = you are letting the car use traction control (DTC) and braking control (DBC) to correct over/understeers, spins, etc. DSC off = you are in charge now to correct for under/oversteers, spins, etc. Unless you are well versed in car control and understand how to use the brake, gas pedal, and steering wheel to control the car should it go into an under/oversteer, spin, etc., I would advise leaving DSC on. I myself had (in previous cars with similar mechanisms) at times left it on and at times (when I wanted to control everything) left it off. But you need to be careful if you turn it off. DTC is useful if you don't want wheelspin. If this feature is useful, why would you not want to have it on at all times? A better question woudl be why would you include an option to turn it off? Because it may not be useful all the time. If you are stuck in snow, you want more traction control so you turn on DTC at the expense off less DSC (DTC + DBC). Or if you're like me or others, at times it can get it the way. I learned how to correct for spins, oversteers, understeers, etc. when I used to race in SCCA. When driving street cars, I found that I had to fight with the car to correct, which would sometimes cause on overcorrections which wasn't good. The car would try to do its thing and I would try my thing and we'd be both fighting the problem which was no good. As I got more used to them I left them on mostly. You just have to learn the system, but in general there is no need to really turn it off unless you are driving hard and want to be 100% in control. For 90% of situations I'd say these modern systems are pretty damn good. For the other 10%, if you're there , you better know what you're doing! Anyway, I bet as they improve the will be standard w/o an on off switch - like ABS. Remeber when we didn't have ABS and had to modulate the brakes in wet/slippery conditions? I should add that true sports cars should always have the ability to turn this on or off. BMW considers the 5 a true sports car - more so than me I guess! Sper ca le ai cu English.......... daca nu ....... poate incercam si o traducere Sa stii ca google e de mare ajutor daca vrei sa te documentezi :blink: :) ma scuzati pt "roman" :)

/MIN Per minute, usually RPM, physical unit °C Degrees Celsius, physical unit °DK Degrees throttle-valve angle, physical unit °F Degrees Fahrenheit, physical unit °KW Degrees crankshaft, physical unit °NW Degrees camshaft, physical unit 1/CM3 1/cm³, per cubic centimeter, unit 1L Axle 1 (usually front axle), left side 1R Axle 1 (usually front axle), right side 2L Axle 2, left side 2R Axle 2, right side 2WD 2-wheel drive 3L Axle 3, left side 3R Axle 3, right side 4WAS Four wheel anti skid, traction control system for four-wheel drive vehicles, refer also to ASR 4WD 4-wheel drive 4WS Four-wheel steering. All 4 wheels are steered, not just the front wheels. 4X4 Vehicle with 4 wheels, all of which are driven (all-wheel drive). See also 4WD. A Ampere, physical unit, or Austria A/D Analog/digital, usually A/D converter: converts analog signals (such as speed or oxygen sensor voltage) to digital signals that can be processed by a computer A1 Axle 1, usually front axle A2/3 Axles 2/3, rear axle(s) AA Automatically triggered alarm AAC Auxiliary-air control valve AAP Acceleration auxiliary pump AAS Drive-off assistant AAV Activated charcoal filter shutoff valve AB Airbag, usually proper name ABC Active body control, chassis, see also ADS ABD Automatic braking differential, usually proper name ABE General operating licence, model approval of car for operation on public roads ABS Anti-Blocking System, usually proper name ABS 2 Anti-Blocking System separate, system name, proper name ABS 3 Anti-Blocking System integrated in brake booster, system name, proper name ABV Auxiliary-air valve or Automatic blocking prevention, another term for ABS AC Air conditioning, air conditioner, or Alternating current ACC Adaptive cruise control ACD ACM Active centre differential, automatic limited-slip differential (Mitsubishi) Airbag Control Module ACT Air charge temperature. Temperature of charge air with turbocharger. ADA Atmospheric-pressure dependent full-load stop with distributor injection pumps ADAM Advanced dynamic aid mechanism, mechanical braking assistant (Teves). See also BAS. ADAPT Adaptation, adaption ADB Automatic differential brake. BMW system replacing conventional limited-slip differentials (ensures traction by braking wheels). Subfunction of DSC (BMW ESP). ADF Atmospheric pressure sensor ADN Yemen ADR Automatic distance control, proper name (VW), or Trigger duration control ADS Automatic throttle-valve actuator or Active driving system or Adaptive damping system AEI Advance electronic ignition, fully electronic ignition system AEU Outside Europe AFB Atmospheric-pressure dependent start-of-delivery AFI Air-supported fuel injection AFS Advanced front-lighting system. Variable light distribution via movable reflectors AG Automatic transmission AGN Exhaust-gas aftertreatment AGR Exhaust-gas recirculation AGRV Exhaust-gas recirculation valve AHK AHM Trailer coupling, or Active rear-axle kinematics Auxilliary Heater Module AHS Alcohol sensor AHV Trailer brake valve AI Air injection AICC Autonomous intelligent cruise control (speed and distance) AIV Air injection valve AK Automatic clutch. Clutch operates when driving off, shifting, and stopping. AKEK Automatic child-seat detection, usually integrated into an airbag system AKF Activated charcoal filter AKS Automatic clutch system. Clutch engagement/disengagement is automatic. The clutch pedal is no longer needed. Used for example in Renault Twingo; see also EKS, or Active headrest system (BMW) AKSE Automatic child-seat detection AKT Active, or Current ALB Automatic load-dependent braking force control ALC Adaptive light control. The headlight illumination is distributed variably according to the driving situation (city, country, motorway). (BMW) ALDA Absolute measurement, boost-pressure dependent full-load stop ALDL Assembly Line Diagnostic Link, Opel diagnostic plug ALFB Atmospheric pressure and load-dependent start-of-delivery ALG Axle load sensor ALR Automatic longitudinal control ALU Arithmetic and logic unit (microcomputer), proper name ALV Axle load distribution (drive-off aid) ALWR Automatic headlight vertical aim control AM Central America AMIC Automotive Multimedia Interface Collaboration, Gremium zur Entwicklung eines Multimediastandards, besteht im wesentlichen aus fĂźhrenden Automobilherstellern AMR Drive torque control ANC Active noise control. System actively influences the intake noise, reducing it by about 15 dB. AND AOS Logical AND operator Automatic Ocupant Sensing AP Air pump APB Active parking brake. Teves system containing interface to electronics, with driver-assistance functions such as drive-off assistance, parking aid, and immobilizer. APS Autopilot system ARA Anti-jerking control ARD Active jerking suppression ARF Exhaust-gas recirculation ARFR Exhaust-gas recirculation rate ARMADA Triggering unit for restraint systems with external differentiated triggering. Airbag system from DaimlerChrysler. ARMIN Trigger unit for restraint systems with integrated emergency-call control ARR Exhaust-gas recirculation control ART Distance-based cruise control AS Air intake or Towing protection or South America ASC Automatic stability control, controlled force transmission ASC+T Automatic stability control, regulated force transmission with traction control ASD Automatic limited-slip differential, usually proper name ASF Audi Space Frame, special construction for aluminium frame in Audi A2 and A8 ASG Attachment control unit or Semi-automatic transmission ASM ASM Asynchronous machine Alarm Siren Module ASMS Automatic stability management system. See also ESP. AS-NO Exhaust-gas sensor for NOx (nitrogen oxide) content ASP Shutoff valve for ASR brake control ASR Transmission slip control, usually proper name ASR 2 Transmission slip control, separate, system name, proper name ASR 3 Transmission slip control, integrated, system name, proper name AS-T Exhaust-gas sensor for temperature ASV Air switching valve, air intake valve or Trailer control valve AT Automatic transmission ATB Exhaust-gas temperature limitation ATF Exhaust-gas temperature sensor or Automatic transmission fluid ATG Replacement transmission ATL Exhaust-gas turbocharger ATWS Anti-theft warning system (Opel) AU Exhaust-gas inspection AUS AUS Australia Ultrasonic Alarm System AUT Automatic transmission AV Outlet valve or Shutoff valve AW Drive shaft AWG Evaluation switching unit AWK Spare piston, used if proper piston does not function AWN ASA Workshop Network, proper name AWR Distance warning radar AWS Evaluation switching unit (Bosch KH) AY Lateral acceleration. A=acceleration, Y=lateral direction AYC Active yaw control. Rear-axle limited-slip differential (Mitsubishi). See also ACD. AZG Adaptive cylinder equalisation. Quantity equalisation control. B Internal combustion engine (petrol) or Bank or Belgium B- Battery negative voltage B.C.D.D. Vacuum controlled idle air correction B.P.T. Pressure control valve B+ Battery positive voltage BA Acceleration sensor or Brake assistant (Mercedes Benz) BAR bar, physical unit BAS Brake assistant system BBA Service brake system. Enables the driver to reduce the speed of a vehicle in steps during operation (including to standstill). In addition to the service brake system, a vehicle can have a parking brake, a retarder system, or an auxiliary braking system. A service brake system can be a single- or multiple-circuit system and can work mechanically, hydraulically, or pneumatically. BBR BBUS Wideband noise test, method for testing potentiometers Body Bus BBV Service-brake valve. Component of service brake system. See also BBA. BC Blink code BCM Body control module (Opel and GM) BD Bd: baud. Unit for data transmission rate. 1 baud is 1 bit/second. BDE Petrol direct injection BDM Petrol/diesel speed measurement module BEA Bosch Emissions Analysis, product name for exhaust-gas tester (Bosch) BEV Battery electric vehicle BF Passenger, or passenger-side BFA Passenger airbag. See also BF-AB. BF-AB Passenger airbag BFL Brake fluid level BFS Passenger side BG Brake assembly, integrated ABS, or Bulgaria BHKZ Battery high voltage capacitor ignition BIP Start pulse BKL Brake indicator light BKR Braking force control BKU Braking force support BKV Power brakes BLDC Brushless direct current motor BLS Brake light switch BLU Brake light suppression. Activated when the brake assistant carries out a "preliminary charge". The main brake cylinder is actuated, leading to actuation of the light switch. Since the driver has not braked, switch-on of the brake light must be suppressed BM Reference mark BMR Braking torque control BOU Brake operating unit, controls and activates the brakes BPA Start of paraffin precipitation. Also called cloud point. Temperature at which paraffin crystals precipitate out of diesel fuel. BPS Brake test stand BR Brake control for ASR or Brazil BRP Wideband noise test, method for testing potentiometers BS Brake disc or Acceleration sensor BSA Brake system analysis, product name for brake test stand (Bosch) BSU Special brake inspection BT Brake drum BTC Bosch traffic controller, traffic monitoring system BTS Battery disconnect switch (Mercedes) BV Brake valve BVA Brake wear indicator BVSV Bimetallic-controlled vacuum switching valve or Bimetallic vacuum switching valve BWN Bosch Workshop Network, proper name BZ Brake cylinder BZM Reference mark BZW respectively, or, and/or C Capacitor, capacitance, or Chassis (OBD error codes, for example) or Cuba C.R. Compression ratio C3/B7 C3/B7 signal (speed signal for trip recorder) CAA Clean Air Act (US exhaust-gas regulations) CAL California CAN CANDI Controller Area Network, mini-network for exchanging data between computers, proper name Can Diagnostic Interface CAN-H CAN High. One of the two data lines in the CAN bus system. See also CAN. CAN-HI CAN High. One of the two data lines in the CAN bus system. See also CAN. CAN-L CAN Low. One of the two data lines in the CAN bus system. See also CAN. CAN-LO CAN Low. One of the two data lines in the CAN bus system. See also CAN. CARB California Air Resources Board (US air-pollution authority), proper name CARIN Autopilot system, Mercedes CAS CAS Computer aided service, proper name Collision Avoidance CAT Catalytic converter CB Vacuum control of starting mixture CBC Cornering brake control CC Cruise control. See also ACC CCM really ccm or cm³, cubic centimeters, unit of volume CCW Counter clockwise, e.g. for indicating direction of rotation of engine CD CDCR Compact disc Compact Disc Changer Rear CDI Common Rail direct injection (in Mercedes and MCC) CDL Central door locking, central locking system limited to doors (Opel) CDN Canada CELIS Central lighting system (Hella) CEM Centralised Electronic Module (Volvo) CFG Configuration CFI Cylinder-individual injection system, proper name CGI Stratified charge gasoline injection, petrol direct injection with stratified charge through throttle valve and with compressor charging (Mercedes) CH Hydrocarbon (normally HC). In conjunction with exhaust-gas systems, HC is understood to be the portion of unburned fuel in the exhaust, or Switzerland (Confoederatio Helvetica) CH4 Methane, main component of natural gas (90%), compressed as fuel for natural-gas-powered cars. See also CNG CI Ivory Coast CID CID Camshaft identification (position) sensor Colour Info Display CIFI CIM Cylinder-individual fuel injection, usually proper name Column Intergration Module CIN Calibration identification number. Part of OBD, consists of 3 letters and at most 12 digits. Can indicate hardware level, for example. CKP Crankshaft positioning sensor CMH Mixture preheating CMP Camshaft positioning sensor CNG Compressed natural gas, fuel for vehicles with gas-powered engines CNS Combustion noise sensor, measures combustion noises (knock sensor) CO Carbon monoxide. Poisonous gas present in exhaust gas. Produced during combustion of carbon with insufficient oxygen, or Colombia CO2 Carbon dioxide, non-poisonous gas produced during combustion, also known as greenhouse gas COMAND Cockpit management and data systems. System for data exchange and driver information management. CPS Camshaft position/speed sensor / Crankshaft position sensor CPU Central processing unit (microprocessor) CPV Constant pressure valve CPX CPx: high-pressure pump of a Common Rail diesel system, such as CP2. It is used in commercial vehicles. CR Common Rail. See CRS. CRC Cyclic redundancy check. Method for generating a checksum, proper name CRI Common Rail injector. Injector of a Common Rail system, comparable to the injection valve of a conventional injection system. CRIN Car radio identification number CRP Common Rail pump. Special high-pressure pump for the Common Rail system, or Car phone (Opel) CRS Common Rail system. Special diesel direct-injection system in which the fuel is distributed to the injectors via a common line (Common Rail) under high pressure. CRT Master computer or Continuous catalytic converter regeneration by burn off at 300°C with after-injection CRW Common Rail parameters (also CR-W) CS Crankshaft CSCV RPM control valve CTG CAN tester (Mercedes) CTS Cooling temperature sensor, KĂźhlmittel-Temperatursensor CTX Continuously variable transaxle CV Check valve, shutoff valve, throttling non-return valve CVN Calibration verification number. Part of OBD, contains the checksums for parameter settings, for example. CVT Continuously variable transmission CW Drag coefficient, characteristic value for aerodynamics or drag, determines drag together with frontal area of vehicle or clockwise, e.g. for indicating direction of rotation of engine CZ Czech Republic D Diesel engine or Decimal number or Drive (position of automatic-transmission selector lever) or Germany D3 German exhaust-gas standard, parallel to European standard. Corresponds largely to EU3. See EU3 and EURO3. D4 German exhaust-gas standard, parallel to European standard. Corresponds largely to EU4. See EU4 and EURO4. DA Boost pressure dependent full-load stop DAB Digital audio broadcasting DBC Dynamic brake control DBE Roof operating unit, control unit in Mercedes, usually proper name DBG Flow limiter DBR Retarder (sustained action brake) or Retarder relay DBV Pressure limiting valve DC Direct current or DaimlerChrysler DCU Diesel control unit or Dosing control unit. Unit for injection of urea (serves to reduce NOx). DD Fuel pressure limiter DDA Digital directional antenna, special antenna which blocks out radio wave reflection interference DDE Digital Diesel Electronics, system name, usually proper name, or Direct data exchange DDM DDM Engine speed versus alternator residual ripple or driver door module (Opel) Drivers Door Module DDS Diesel theft protection DECT Digital enhanced cordless telecommunications, standard for data transmission, usually proper name DEE Digital engine electronics DF RPM sensor, or Pressure sensor, or Direct-fire, distributorless coil ignition with double ignition coil DFA Speed sensor output DFB Flow limiter (Common Rail) or Dynamic start-of-delivery setting DFC Deceleration fuel control DFHL Speed sensor, left rear DFHR Speed sensor, right rear DFM Dynamo field monitor. Output for recording dynamo field DFS Double-spark coil, supplies two cylinders DFVL Speed sensor, left front DFVR Speed sensor, right front DG Speed sensor, or Speed sensor for transmission input speed DGI Direct gasoline injection DHK Nozzle holder combination DI Direct (diesel) injection, system name, usually proper name DI/DIST Distributor type DIA Diagnosis DIAGK Diagnosis K line, communication line DIAGL Diagnosis L line, signalling line DIGI Digiplex (Marelli) DIGIJET Digitally controlled fuel injection, system name, proper name DIGIPLEX Fully electronic ignition system, system name, proper name DIGNITION Electronic ignition system, system name, proper name DIN German Industrial Standard DIO Data input/output. Interface for exchanging data in both directions. DIS Direct ignition system, proper name DISA Differential intake manifold system (switchable, variable-length intake manifold) DK Throttle valve or Denmark DKA Throttle valve actuator, Ecotronic DKE Throttle valve incrementation bit DKG Throttle valve sensor, detects current position of throttle DKI Throttle valve actual value. Current throttle-valve voltage DKP Throttle valve potentiometer DKR Throttle valve reduction or Throttle valve reduction bit DKS Throttle valve switch DKV Throttle valve preset DLB Compressed-air brake DLC Data link connector. Diagnosis connection DLI Distributorless ignition DLK Dynamic steering correction DLOC Device location, Einbaulage einer Komponente DLS Digital idle stabilisation DLWR Dynamic headlight vertical aim control DM dm: decimeter DM: Diagnosis module DM3/H dm³/H: cubic decimeters per stroke, unit DME Digital Motor Electronics (Motronic), system name, proper name DMM Digital multimeter DMS Elongation measurement sensor DMV Diesel solenoid valve DOHC Double overhead camshaft, usually part of engine designation DP Dashpot, or Throttle valve closing damper DPF Diesel particle filter DPFE Delta pressure feedback electronic system or Differential pressure feedback, EGR DPHI dphi, delta phi, difference angle. See also PHI. DQ dQ: delta quantity, difference quantity. See also Q. DR Pressure regulator DRM Pressure regulator module DRS Rotation rate sensor, sensor for vehicle dynamics control DRV Pressure regulator valve DS Pressure switch or Pressure sensor DSA Dynamic stability assistance DSB Pressure sensor in/for combustion chamber DSC Dynamic stability control DSE Thermal-expansion material element, expands or contracts when heated DSG DSM RPM target value sensor Drivers Seat Module DSP Display, or Dynamic shift program (automatic transmission), or Digital sound package (VW audio equipment variant), or Digital sound processor, special processor for digital processing of audio signals DSS Pressure-jump switch DSTC Dynamic stability and traction control DSU Pressure sensor for ambient pressure DSV Pressure control valve DTC Diagnostic trouble code DTI Diesel direct-injection with distributor pump (Opel) DTR Distronic. Distance control system (Mercedes) DV Pressure supply, or Throttle device DVD Digital versatile disc. Storage medium with significantly higher storage capacity than a conventional CD. DVH Pressure valve holder DWA Theft warning system, BMW-specific designation DWS Rotation angle sensor DYN Dynamic DZ Breakthrough ignition or Algeria DZG RPM sensor DZV Digital ignition, fully electronic E Electrical fan, or Fuel-injection engine, or Economy (shifting program for automatic transmissions), or Spain (España) EA Original equipment EAG Electronic automatic transmission EAI Electronic advanced ignition, electronic ignition-curve control, ELZ EAK Kenya EAS Electronically autonomous starting system or electronic actuation system, usually trade name or electronic air suspension (VAG) EAV Element shutoff valve. Shuts off an individual element of the high-pressure pump in the Common Rail system. EBC Electronic brake force control (see EBD and EBV) EBCV Electrical auxiliary air control valve EBD Electronic braking differential or Electronic brake force distribution (see also EBC and EBV) EBM Electronic brake management system. Optimises driving stability, traction, and braking function (BMW) EBS Electronic braking system EBV Electronic brake force distribution (see also EBD and EBC) EC Ecuador ECABS Electronic air cushioning, combined with ABS ECC Electronic climate control, electronically controlled air conditioner (Opel) ECD Electronically controlled deceleration ECE Economic Commission of Europe, proper name ECI Electronically Controlled Injection, system name, usually proper name ECM Electronic Control Module, system name, usually proper name ECO Ecotronic, system name, usually proper name ECON ECOn: Electronic carburetor, n=version, usually proper name ECONZ ECOnZ: Electronic carburetor and electronic ignition, n=version number, usually proper name ECT Engine coolant temperature, or temperature sensor ECU Electronic control unit, proper name EDC Electronic diesel control, usually proper name EDG Electronic diesel control with integrated transmission control. MCC control unit, proper name. EDIS Electronic documentation and information system (Bosch) EDIS 4 EEC IV with distributorless ignition system (Ford) EDR Electronic diesel control NFZ-DB EDS Electronic differential lock, usually proper name EDW Electronic anti-theft warning system or Electronic pressure transducer EEC Fully electronic engine control or Electronic ignition timing, proper name EEC IV Electronic engine control system IV (Ford), system name, proper name EECS Fuel vapour emission control system EEM Electrical energy management. Higher-order system that coordinates the interaction of the generator, battery, voltage converter, drive train, and loads. See also EES and VSC. EEPROM Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, proper name EES Electrically unlocked starting quantity, or Electrical energy systems (onboard network of the future (42V generator for electromagnetic valves, for example, 14V DCDC converter for rest of network) EFI Electronic fuel injection, usually proper name EFP Electronic accelerator pedal, proper name EFS Single-spark coil, supplying one cylinder EGAS Electronic accelerator pedal, proper name (electronic throttle control, ETC) EGD Electronically regulated shock absorption EGE Electronic air dryer unit EGN EGn: EGAS control unit, n=version, usually proper name EGO Exhaust Gas Oxygen Sensor, unbeheizte Lambdasonde EGR Exhaust gas recirculation EGS Electronic transmission control EHA Electronic automatic heater, usually proper name EHAB Electrohydraulic shutoff EHB Electrohydraulic brake EHCM Electrohydraulic control module EHPS Electrohydraulic power steering EHR Electrohydraulic lifting control EHS EHU Electrohydraulic control module Entertainment Head Unit EHSW Electrohydraulic positioner EI Electronic ignition EKE Electronic fuel injection, proper name EKM Electronic clutch management EKP Electric fuel pump EKRG Simple short-circuit ring sensor EKS Electronic clutch system. Clutch engagement and disengagement is automatic. The clutch pedal is no longer needed. See also AKS. ELAB Electrical idle shutoff valve ELB Electronically controlled brake ELD Electrical load-peak damping ELF Electronic air cushioning ELFI Electronic vehicle identification. Component of VW ELSA service information system. ELR Electrical ignition system with ignition curve adjustment or Electronic idle control ELRA Electronic automatic restraint. Automatic seat belts (VW) ELS Electronic idle stabilisation ELSA Electronic service information system. VW system for authorised workshops (garages). Comprises the components ELFI, ELWIS, and ETKA. ELV Electrical air valve, or Electronic steering or steering-column lock. See also ESL. EL-V Electronically controlled carburetor ELWIS Electronic shop information system. Component of the VW ELSA service information system. ELZ Electronic ignition EMAB Shutoff by electromotor EMB Electromechanical brake EMC Electromagnetic compatibility (see also EMV) EMF Electromechanical parking brake. EMI Injection volume indicator EML Electronic engine performance control, proper name EMR Electronic volume reduction EMS Electronic engine control, proper name EMSE Electromagnetic start enable EMV Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) ENG Engine type (code letters), or Engine ENG FAIL Engine failures, diagnosis line for outputting errors ENR Electronic level control EOBD European on-board diagnosis, internal vehicle diagnosis with external tester conforming to European guidelines. Serves primarily to record exhaust-gas related faults. Usually trade name EOL End of line, usually in conjunction with end-of-line programming EP Adjustment point EPA Environmental Protection Agency, air purity monitoring organisation EPAS Electric power-assisted steering EPB EPB Electropneumatic brake Electronic Park Brake EPC Electronic power control or Electronic pedal control (such as with ME-Motronic systems without mechanical throttle cable) EPI Exhaust Port Injection, Nacheinspritzung in Auslasskanal (Toyota) EPK Electropneumatic kit EPROM Erasable programmable read-only memory, programmable or erasable with UV light, proper name EPS Extended park position, or Injection pump test bench, sometimes used as a product identification (such as EPS 944) EPSV Electrical injection adjustment EPT Electronic pressure transmission EPW Electro-pneumatic transducer, serves to transform electrical signals into pneumatic signals such as in boost-pressure regulation ER Energy reserve ERE Electronic inline injection system (special engine control) or Electrical regulator ERW Energy reserve with voltage converter ERWIN Electronic repair and workshop information. VW electronic service information system for independent workshops (garages) and fleet operators. Information offering is restricted compared to ELSA. ES Electronic control unit or El Salvador ESA Emissions system analysis, product name for exhaust-gas tester (Bosch) or Electronic spark advance ESA/IZA Map ignition, ignition coil in distributor ESC Escape key on PC or Map ignition or Electronic spark control, electronic ignition control up to knock region, with knock sensor ESG Single-pane safety glass or Electronic switching unit for trailer detection (used in brake systems) ESGN ESGn: Special equipment, e.g., NWS, ETS, KGE, n=version no. ESL Electronic steering lock. See also ELV. ESP Electronic stability program, another designation for vehicle-dynamics control (FDR), usually proper name ESPV Electrical injection adjustment ESR Electronic slip reduction, another name for ASR, or Electrical sunroof, electrically operated sunroof (or lifting roof) ESS Electronic suspension systems. Continental Teves electronic air cushioning system. The system adapts automatically to vehicle load conditions, has continuously variable damping, and works together with ESP. ESSD Electrical steel sunroof EST Electronic spark timing, electronic map ignition control. See also MSTS ESV Feed valve or Injection valve ET Egypt ETC Electronic throttle control, usually proper name or Electronic traction control ETKA Electronic parts catalogue. Component of the VW ELSA service information system. ETM Electronic transmission management, usually proper name ETS Electronic thermostat control, usually proper name or Electronic traction system, see ETC ETV Electronic throttle valve EU European Union EU3 European exhaust-gas standard, valid from 2000 (levels: HC 0.2, CO 2.3, NOx 0.15) EU4 European exhaust-gas standard, valid from 2005 (levels: HC 0.1, CO 1.0, NOx 0.08) EUI Electronic unit injector, injection nozzle of pump-nozzle system (diesel injection) EUP Electronic unit pump, diesel pump of pump line nozzle system (diesel injection) EURO3 European exhaust-gas standard, valid from 2000 (levels: HC 0.2, CO 2.3, NOx 0.15) EURO4 European exhaust-gas standard, valid from 2005 (levels: HC 0.1, CO 1.0, NOx 0.08) EUV Electro-reversing valve EV Injection valve or Inlet valve of pressure control valve or Inlet valve of ABS system EV1 Injection valve for high pressure EV2 Injection valve for low pressure EVA Electrical full-load stop or Emergency valve assistance, safety valve EVAP Fuel vapor emission control EVE Electronic distributor injection system (special engine control) EVR Electronic vacuum regulator EWD Single-coil actuator, servomotor with one winding EWL External warning lamp EWM Electronic selector-lever module. Control unit in Mercedes, usually proper name EWMA Exponential weighted moving average, misfire detection during last 10 driving cycles EWS Electronic immobilizer EX Exhaust (or outlet, exhaust-gas recirc. valve, exhaust manifold) EZ Electronic ignition, usually proper name EZE Electronic central control unit, usually proper name EZF Electronic ignition system, map-controlled EZF-H Electronic ignition system with map, trigger by Hall sensor EZF-I Electronic ignition system with map, trigger by inductive sensor EZK Electronic ignition with knock control EZ-K Electronic ignition timing with knock controls, proper name EZL Electronic ignition system with characteristic curves EZL-H Electronic ignition with characteristic curves, trigger by Hall sensor EZS Electronic ignition switch EZV Electronic ignition timing F France F/P Fuel pump FA Front axle FAB Failcode Airbag. Output line for error codes for airbag system (Mazda) FAC Failcode Air Conditioning. Output line for error codes for air conditioner (Mazda) FAP Accelerator pedal or Vehicle analysis protocol. Log maintained by tester during diagnosis. Can be printed and given to vehicle owner as evidence of repairs performed.. FAS Driver-assistance system FAT Failcode Automatic Transmission. Output line for error codes for transmission control (Mazda) FB Fast burn, rapid spread of flame front or Start-of-delivery, key parameter in diesel injection systems or Remote control FBA Parking-brake system (usually hand brake) FBB Start-of-delivery blocking FBG Start-of-delivery sensor FBKW Crankshaft angle at start-of-delivery FBN Start of delivery, normal FBR Start-of-delivery control FBS Driving enabling system (Mercedes), or Failcode Brake System. Output line for error codes for ABS system (Mazda) FBV Parking brake valve FC Fault (error) code FCKW Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC). Gaseous chemical compound that destroys the ozone layer. Contained in old refrigerants (R12) for air conditioners. FCV Fuel cell vehicle. Vehicle with fuel-cell drive, up to now only a Ford prototype. FD Date of manufacture FDI Fuel direct injection, gasoline direct injection, refer also to GDI FDR Trip computer or Vehicle dynamics control FDS Ford diagnostic system FE FEC Delivery units, parameter for determining delivered fuel amount Front Electrical Centre FEN Failcode Engine. Output line for error codes for engine control unit (Mazda) FES Spark energy control FFG Accelerator pedal FFR Vehicle master computer. Diagnostic gateway in vehicle, installed in combined instruments or central electrical system. Also contains the immobilizer. FGB/AGB Speed limiter / automatic speed limiter, usually proper name FGB/GBA Speed limiter / speed limiting system, usually proper name FGG Speed sensor FGR Speed control, usually proper name FH Power window FHE Road and obstacle detection FHM Power window motor FI Filter FICD Fast-idle control device FIN Finland FIS Vehicle information system. Product designation (such as FIS 215) FJI Fiji Islands FKT Function FKTSCH Function switch FLA Vehicle performance analysis, product name for performance test stand (Bosch), or Spring-loaded idle stop FM Vehicle management FMN Delivery volume normal FMVSS Federal motor vehicle safety standard FN Vehicle level FP Accelerator pedal or Delivery pump FPK Freely programmable combined instruments FPM Accelerator pedal module FPR Fuel pump relay FR FR signal: provides engine or engine/transmission control unit with information about generator load. FRS Freewheel pulley FS Driving-mode switch or Driver side FSA Vehicle system analysis, product name for engine tester (Bosch) FSD Folding sunroof FSG Chassis control unit or Fill-level sensor FSK Frequency shift keying FSR Driving stability control FSS Delivery signal sensor, or Flexible service system FTCO Flat tachograph (new, flat design), Mercedes FV Filling valve FWA Chassis analysis. Sometimes also used as product designation (such as FWA 400) FWI Vehicle-travel pulse number FZ Vehicle FZG Vehicle FZK Vane compressor FZR Vehicle controller, ESP system component G g: Acceleration of gravity, or gram, physical unit G: G-signal : crankshaft signal for TDC, 4 signals for the control unit per distributor rotation G/SEC g/sec: grams per second, unit G/ZYL g/Zyl: grams per cylinder, unit for mass per cylinder GA Basic adaptation or Guarantee GATES Global automotive telematic standard GB Yawing moment restriction or Great Britain GBA Seat belt positioner drive GBR Seat belt positioner GDB Regulated differential brake GDI Gasoline direct injection, designation for petrol direct injection systems or vehicle models with this system. Usually proper name. GDL Gas pressure lamp (Audi) GDV Constant pressure valve GEN Generator GER Germany GGF ggf.: possibly, if necessary GGS Transmission group switch GHD Housing cover GID Graphic information display (Opel) GK Glow plug GM Basic module, or Gear motor, or General Motors, proper name (name of vehicle manufacturer) GMA Yawing moment buildup delay GMR Mixture regulator GND Ground GOL Persian Gulf states GPS Global Positioning System, satellite system for locating a vehicle GR gr: large Gr: Group GR: Gas retention, or Greece GRA Speed control system. Alternative term for cruise control. GRV Constant-volume valve GS Independent electronic transmission control, usually proper name, or Belt tensioner GS 1.2 Electronic transmission control, Version 1.2, system name, proper name GSG Speed sensor GSH Gas sensor hydrocarbon, hydrocarbon sensor GSK Sheathed element glow plug GSM Global system for mobile communication GSR Belt tensioner, usually proper name GSS Transmission shift lock or Seatbelt buckle switch GST Stepped start volume GSY Speed symbol. Specification on tyres for allowable speed, alphabetic. See also Speed Index GUS Belt tensioner or Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) GW Gateway. PC or computer that connects and controls data exchange between two networks. GWK Transmission converter clutch GZS Glow duration control unit H h: hours H: hexadecimal number, or stroke, or Hungary HA Hydraulic stop or Rear axle or Hydraulic modulator for ABS HAC Height compensation HAI Hot-air inlet HAS Hand brake switch HAU Automatic heating HBA Hydraulic brake assistant or Hydraulically operated equalisation or Auxiliary brake system HBZ Master brake cylinder HC High compression or Version with high compression ratio or Hydrocarbon HD Heating wire or Lifting roof HDC Hill descent control. Special system that maintains speed downhill. Works using brake intervention at about 5 mph (8 km/h) (BMW and Rover offroad vehicles) HDEV High-pressure injection valve HDF Remote boot-lid release HDI High-pressure direct injection HDK Half-differential short-circuit ring travel sensor HDP High-pressure pump HDS Urea metering system, used with diesel vehicles to prevent or reduce soot emissions HE Main injection HEGO Heated exhaust-gas oxygen sensor HEI High performance ignition system, transistorized ignition, contactless ignition HEV High-pressure injection valve HF High frequency HFG Hand-operated gas delivery, for example in special vehicles for handicapped drivers HFM Hot-film air-mass sensor or Special engine control in which load detection takes place via a hot-film air-mass sensor HH HH division, 4/4 division of brake circuit: circuits 1 and 2 brake all wheels. HHC Hill Holder Control, ESP system component HHT Hand-held tester (such as KTS500 or PMS100) HIC Hot idle compensation HID Hill descent (sensor). Sensor that registers downgrades or vehicle rolling. See HDC. HK Height correction or Hong Kong HKD High-voltage trigger diode, special diode installed in ignition coils HKZ High-voltage capacitor ignition HL Left rear HLM Hot-wire air-mass sensor HO2S Heated oxygen (O2) sensor HP Hydraulic pump HPA hPa: hectopascal, physical unit HPDI High pressure direct injection HPI High-pressure injection. Direct-injection petrol engine used in Citroen and Peugeot. Comparable with GDI. HR Hybrid control, or Right rear, or Croatia HRA Rear window washing system HSCAN High-speed controller area network. CAN bus with high transmission rate (Opel). See also CAN, LSCAN, and MSCAN. HSPV Hydraulic injection timing device HSV High-voltage distribution or Hydraulic start lock HT HT division. 4/2 division of brake circuits: circuit 1 brakes all wheels, circuit 2 the front wheels HU Major inspection HW Hardware HYAB Hydraulic shutoff device HZ HZ: Master brake cylinder Hz: hertz, physical unit HZR Heating control. Simple type of air conditioner. I Italy I1 Incremental system with one sensor I2 Incremental system with two sensors IAC Idle air control, i.e. idle speed control, for injection engines IAM Independent after-market. Service or spare-parts dealers independent of vehicle manufacturer. IC Integrated circuit ICC Intelligent cruise control, Nissan distance control system; see also ACC. ICE Ignition control electronics, electronic ignition system ICM ICM Ignition control module, or Integrated chassis management, BMW vehicle-dynamics control with trend-setting technology Infotainment Module ID Identifier, bei CAN-Bus-Systemen eine Art Address-Byte, das angibt, fĂźr wen ein Datenblock bestimmt ist oder Identifikation IDI Indirect (diesel) injection IDIS Integrated driver information system, similar to navigation system IDS Interactive dynamic driving system IFS Inertia fuel shutoff. Safety fuel shutoff, or Independent front-wheel suspension IFZ Infrared central locking IG Pulse or increment transmitter, or Ignition IHE Integrated hydroelectronics unit. Control electronics, hydraulic generator, and electric motor in Citroen Hydraktiv chassis. IHKA Integrated heating and air conditioning system (BMW) IHR Heating control, usually proper name IIA Integrated ignition system IL Israel ILV Integrated quiet-running system IMA Integrated engine assistant (special Honda engine control), or Injector quantity analysis IMM Immobilizer IMMO Immobilizer IMP Pulse(s) IN Inlet (intake) manifold or valve INA Information display for ASR systems IND India INFOANZ Information display for ASR systems INJ Injector. Injection jet or valve in Common Rail diesel system INT Integrator INZ IPBEC Central injection Instrument Panel Body Electrical Centre IPS Intelligent Protection System, integrated two-stage airbag system with retractable pedals, head/shoulder airbags, and active headrests. Used in Ford Mondeo. IR Individual control with commercial-vehicle ABS systems, or Infrared, or Iran IRF Interior filter IRM Individual control, modified, with commercial-vehicle ABS systems IRQ Iraq IRS Interior protection IS Iceland ISA Idle speed correction or Intelligent speed adaptation: Use of a GPS system and traffic-sign database to automatically regulate speed (system still in test phase) ISC Idle speed control or Idle compensation ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network: digital telephone and data network with integrated services ISF Vehicle information system ISIS Intelligent safety system. System with multiple airbags, pyrotechnically triggered headrests, seat-belt tensioners and intelligent electronics (BMW) ISO International Organisation for Standardisation ISO-EGO Isolated Exhaust Gas Oxygen Sensor, isolierte unbeheizte Lambdasonde (mit Massekabel) ISO-HEGO Isolated Heated Exhaust Gas Oxygen Sensor, isolierte beheizte Lambdasonde (mit Massekabel) ISS Joint venture (Bosch, Michelin) for developing integrated vehicle dynamics systems ISU Intelligent switching unit (Siemens) ITGS IVLAN Intelligent traffic guidance system (Mercedes) In Vehicle Local Area Network IWG Inductive travel sensor IWZ Incremental angle/time sensor, rotation-angle sensor IZA Integrated ignition system IZV Infrared central locking J Japan JA Jamaica JET Jet, Jetronic: injection system, usually proper name JOBD Japanese OBD, OBD standard for Japan JTS Jet thrust stoichiometric. Direct-injection petrol engine (Alfa) JW Company car(s) K k: small K: channel K-line: bidirectional line between control unit and tester KA Knee airbag KAM Keep-alive memory KAT Catalytic converter KB Wire harness KBA Federal Motor Vehicle Office (Germany) KBZ Combination brake cylinder K-CAN Body CAN bus. Low-speed CAN bus for comfort-system and body electronics. See also PT-CAN and SI-BUS. KD Kickdown or Customer service KDS Kickdown switch KE Continuous injection, usually proper name KE-MOTRONIC Continuous electronic injection system, usually proper name KEN KEn: Jetronic, continuous, with electronic extended-function unit, n=version, usually proper name KF Fuel filter KFB Fuel filter, petrol or Comfort zone KFMG Continuous delivery-volume meter KFZ Motor vehicle KG kg: kilogram, physical unit, or Keyless Go (access to vehicle and engine start without key) KG/H kg/h: kilograms per hour, unit KGE Crankcase ventilation KIW Combined instruments with service-interval indicator. See also SIA. K-JETRONIC Continuous injection system, usually proper name KL KL or Kl: Terminal KLA Automatic climate control KM km: kilometer, physical unit KM: small engine KMA Continuous volume analysis, product name (Bosch) KMM Continuous volume meter, checks fuel delivery KMMG Continuous volume meter, closed KMV Refrigerant compressor KOM Commercial bus and rental vehicles KOMP Component KPA kPa: kilopascal, physical unit KPN Kpn: Motronic (load detection occurs via intake manifold pressure, n=Motronic version, usually proper name) KR Anti-knock control KRF KraftstoffrĂźckfĂźhrventil (Diesel) KRS Anti-knock control interface or Fuel return valve K-RWG Short-circuit ring sensor KS Fuel reservoir, or Knock sensor KSA Kingdom of Saudi Arabia KSB Cold-start accelerator, with distributor injection pumps KSE Child-seat detector KSH Cold-start aid KSP Fuel reservoir KSS Cold-start control KSV Cold-start valve KSZ Fuel distributor or distribution KTF Fuel temperature sensor, or Coolant temperature sensor KU Clutch KU/GN Clutch/transmission neutral position KUKO Coupling head KVA Fuel consumption gauge KVD Fuel evaporation KVR Fuel distributor tube KVRS Evaporative emission-control regeneration system, also referred to as tank ventilation system KVRV Fuel evaporation regeneration valve, tank ventilation valve KVS Fuel distributor piece KW kW: kilowatt, physical unit KW: crankshaft or crankshaft angle or shortwave (radio) KWH kWh: kilowatt-hours, physical unit KWP 2000 Keyword Protocol 2000, log for transmitting diagnostic data KWS Comfort immobilizer KWT Kuwait KX Kx: Jetronic, continuous, with oxygen sensor control, usually proper name KZS Capacitor intermediate storage L l: liter, physical unit, or left L: left L-line: unidirectional line between control unit and tester L/H l/h: Liters per hour, unit L/KM l/km: liters per kilometer, unit LAM Idle emissions measurement LAV Luxury activity vehicles (vehicle classification, such as Lexus RX 300) LC Low compression, or Version with low compression ratio LCD Liquid crystal display, usually proper name LDA Boost-pressure-dependent full-load stop, with distributor injection pumps LDF Boost-pressure sensor LDR Boost-pressure control, or Idle speed control LE2-JET Petrol injection, LE-Jetronic, 2nd generation, usually proper name LED Light-emitting diode, usually proper name LEN LEn: Jetronic, intermittent, covers European functionality, n=version, usually proper name LER Idle limit-speed control LEV Low-emissions vehicle. Designation for vehicles with low emissions level. See also NLEV, SULEV, TLEV, ULEV, and ZEV. LFB Load-dependent start-of-delivery, with distributor injection pumps LFR Idle compensation LFT Air temperature sensor, or Long (term) fuel trim (to counteract aging symptoms). See also LTFT. LHA Air-side automatic heater LHD Left-hand drive LH-JETRONIC Same as L-Jetronic with hot-wire air-mass sensor, usually proper name LHN LHn: Jetronic with hot-wire air-mass sensor, intermittent, n=version, usually proper name LI (also li:) Left, or Load index, number indicating tyre load capacity LIA Lift axle LIM Sedan L-JETRONIC Electronically controlled injection system (with direct air-mass measurement), usually proper name LKE Load piston unit LL Idle, engine operating state or Left-hand drive or LL division, triangular division of brake circuits: 2 circuits in front, one in rear LLDRAN Idle speed increase LLK Charge-air cooling LLR Idle control (diesel systems) LLRA LLRa: Idle control with adaptive pilot control LLS Idle actuator, or Idle switch LL-STAB Idle stabilization LM Air-flow sensor (also LMM) LMF Light-alloy rims LMM Air-mass sensor, or Air-flow sensor LMS Air-mass sensor LN Ln: Jetronic with air-flow sensor, intermittent, n=version, usually proper name LOS Emergency program (EEC IV) LP Perforated plate LPG Liquefied petroleum gas, fuel for vehicles with gas-powered engines LPS Circuit board circuit LPT Printer port or interface on PC LR Oxygen sensor control LRA LRa: oxygen sensor control with adaptive pilot control LRD Load response drive, alternative multifunction control LRR Smooth-running control, or Long-range radar (component of ACC system with detection range up to 120 m) LRS Load response start, alternative multifunction control LS Release switch or Oxygen sensor LSCAN Low-speed controller area network. CAN bus with low transmission rate (Opel). See also CAN, MSCAN, and HSCAN. LSD Limited-slip differential LSF Oxygen sensor, planar (flat sensor) LSH Oxygen sensor, heated LSM Oxygen sensor for lean operation LSP Longitudinal lock shutoff LSU Wideband oxygen sensor, planar type LSZ Light-switching centre LT Model designation for VW Transporter, proper name LTCC Low temperature cofired ceramic, multilayer ceramic technology LTF Air-temperature sensor LTFT Long-term fuel trim (to counteract aging symptoms). See also LFT. LTG Line LTR Liter, physical unit, often also ltr, L LUN LUn: Jetronic, intermittent, with USA functionality, n=version, usually proper name LWL Optical fiber LWR Headlight vertical aim control LWS Steering wheel angle sensor. Component of ESP system, determines steering-wheel rotation M M: Motronic, usually proper name, or Mechanical or Mechanical fan or Centre m: Centre or Manual M/S2 m/s²: meters per second per second, physical unit for acceleration M3/H m³/h: cubic meters per hour, unit MA mA: milliampere, physical unit MA: Mono-Motronic, petrol injection system, usually proper name MAEL MaEl: earth (ground) electrode (spark plug) MAF Mass airflow sensor MAL Malaysia MAP Manifold absolute pressure or Intake manifold pressure sensor MAR Quantity compensation control MAS Control unit for engine assembly MAT Manifold absolute temperature MAX Maximum MBAR mbar: millibar, physical unit MBS Engine-brake switch MBZ Diaphragm brake cylinder MC Microcomputer or Medium compression MCC Micro Compact Car. DaimlerChrysler subsidiary that manufactures the Smart vehicle. MDA Engine speed increase MDF Mass of wheel-speed sensor, usually with an indication of the particular sensor (left front, right front, etc.) MDR Membrane pressure control ME Motronic with electronic gas pedal, usually proper name, or Control unit for volume regulation in diesel systems, usually proper name MEA Middle East MEAB Mechanical shutoff device (diesel EDC). In newer systems, the shutoff is electrical (see ELAB). MECH. Mechanical MED Motronic with ETC and petrol direct injection MEG Motronic with ETC and transmission control MEINS Meins: Injection volume (in mg/stroke or mg/s) MEN Monitor engine (output line for engine diagnostic data) MEP Mean effective pressure MES Mechanically enabled start volume MEX Mexico MF Measurement window MFA Measurement window, start or Multifunction display MFD Multifunction display MFE Measurement window, end MFI Multipoint fuel injection (electronic) MFI-C Continuous multipoint fuel injection (electronic) MFI-I Intermittent multipoint fuel injection (electronic) MFI-S Sequential multipoint fuel injection (electronic) MFL Multifunction steering wheel MFR Multifunction control MFS Multifunction sensor MFU Multifunction clock MG Manual transmission MG/H mg/H: milligrams per stroke, unit MG/ZYK mg/Zykl: milligrams per cycle, unit MGND Engine ground (earth) MHDI Mechanical high-voltage distribution ignition M-HEAT Mirror Heating, Spiegelheizung (Opel) MI mi: Miles, physical unit MI: Malfunction indicator or Main injection (see also HE) MIC Microplex (Marelli) MICROPLEX Fully electronic ignition system with knock control MID Multifunction information display MIEL MiEI: Middle electrode (spark plug) MIL Malfunction indicator lamp MIN MIU Minimum Main Instrument Unit MJ Mono-Jetronic, usually proper name or Model year M-JET Mono-Jetronic, usually proper name MK Motronic with continuous fuel metering, usually proper name MKV Multiplicative map adjustment, or Fuel ratio mixture ML Motronic with flap air-volume sensor, usually proper name MLA Multiple link antitheft system (system-wide theft protection) MLD Mechanical load-peak damping MLN MLn: Motronic based on air-flow sensor, n=version, usually proper name. See also LM. MM mm: millimeter, physical unit MM3/H mm³/H: cubic millimeters per stroke, unit MMI Engine torque, actual value or Man-machine interface (Porsche designation) MMM Multipath map matching (navigation system) MMS Engine torque, nominal value MMV Quantity solenoid valve MN Mn: Motronic, universal load detection (HLM, LM), n=version, usually proper name MNEFZ Modified new European driving cycle (exhaust-gas test cycle). See also NEFZ. MODIC Mobile diagnosis computer (BMW diagnostic tester) MOLIS Modular lights system. LEDs in modular system for rear lights, for example (BMW) MOST Media oriented system transport. Usually in conjunction with a bus system (MOST bus), via which various control units in the vehicle communicate with each other. MOT Engine tester, product name (Bosch) or Engine test MOT/DME Digital Motor Electronics (Motronic) MOZ Engine octane number. Expresses the knock resistance of petrol fuel (US variant of ROZ). MP Motronic with intake manifold sensor, usually proper name MPA MPa: megapascal, physical unit MPFI Multi-point fuel injection, electronic, usually proper name MPH mph: Miles per hour, physical unit MPI Multi-point injection, fully electronic engine control, usually proper name MPN MPn: Motronic in which load detection is via intake manifold pressure, n=version, usually proper name MPV Multi-purpose vehicles (Mazda). Comprises the group of vans and small panel trucks. MR Engine relay or Engine control for ASR MR-DF Speed sensor with magnetoresistive measurement MRS Multi-restraint system. Temic or BMW system consisting of belt tensioner, belt force limiting, airbags, and safety battery terminal (see SBK). MS ms: millisecond, physical unit MS: Engine control or Diesel systems with electronic volume- and start-of-injection control MSA Designation for diesel injection systems having an electronic volume control, start-of-injection control, and exhaust-gas recirculation. Systems without exhaust-gas recirculation are designated simply as MS. MSCAN Medium-speed controller area network. CAN bus with medium transmission rate (Opel). See also CAN, LSCAN, and HSCAN. MSG Engine control unit MSR Engine drag torque control, usually proper name MST Measurement and control unit MSTS Microprocessor spark timing system, electronic ignition with map control (ELZ), or Multi spark timing system, function as for EST. MSTS, however, is not an integrated part but rather a separate ignition control unit MT Manual transmission or Mechanical transmission or Volume divider MTCO Tachograph MTM Engine measurement technology module MUD mUD: With vacuum MUX Multiplexer or multiplex signal MUXPORT Multiplexer-Port, Schnittstelle am PC, an die der Multiplexer angeschlossen ist oder angeschlossen werden kann MV mV: millivolt, physical unit MV: Solenoid valve MVEG Motor vehicle emission group, exhaust-gas classification for passenger cars MVL Lift axle valve with electronic air-cushioning system MVLDR Solenoid valve for boost pressure control MVN Level valve with electronic air-cushioning system MVS Solenoid valve control unit MW AM (radio), or Measurement MY Model year MZ Magneto ignition MZV Microprocessor-controlled ignition adjustment N n: RPM, or normal N: Selector-lever position (Neutral) for automatic transmissions, or Norway NA Auxiliary drive or Netherlands Antilles NAS Auxiliary drive switch NAV Navigation or Navigation system NB Commercial-vehicle brake NBE Proximity detector NBF Needle lift sensor (diesel) NBS Needle lift sensor (diesel) NCAP New Car Assessment Program, better known as EURO-NCAP, association for conducting more demanding crash tests (with participation of vehicle manufacturers) NDS Neutral drive switch, activated when automatic transmission selector lever is in neutral position NE NE: After-injection Ne-Signal: Engine RPM signal, 24 AC signals sent to control unit per distributor rotation NEDC New European driving cycle (procedure for fuel consumption measurement). See also NEFZ NEFZ New European driving cycle (procedure for fuel consumption measurement). See also NEDC NF Low frequency, or audio frequency NFZ Commercial vehicle (lorry, truck) NHG Needle-displacement sensor (diesel systems) NHU Navigation head unit. Opel navigation control unit. NIC Nicaragua NKW Lorry (truck) NKW-ABS Anti-blocking system for lorries (trucks) with air brakes NL Netherlands NLEV National low-emission vehicles. US approval level for vehicles that must fulfil the current requirements. See also LEV, SULEV, TLEV, ULEV, and ZEV. NLK Follow-on piston NLS Needle lift sensor (diesel) NM Nm: Newton-meter, physical unit NM/S Nm/s: newton-meters per second, unit NMOT Nmot: Engine RPM NOE Nitrogen oxide emission NOX NOx: Nitrogen oxides NPB Delivery volume normal test stand (special tester for injection pumps) NR Number, or Level control, or Natural rubber (often processed for use in truck tyres). NRZ NRZ format: Non-return-to-zero, transmission or pulse form for square-wave pulses and signals NS Fog light(s) NSW Fog lights NTC Negative temperature coefficient, thermal resistor with negative temperature coefficient, so-called hot conductor NTC II Idle speed increase NTC1 Intake air temperature (in °C) NTC2 Engine water temperature (in °C) NVF Navigation and traffic control NW Camshaft NWS Camshaft timing NZ New Zealand O2 Oxygen OAI Octane adjust input OBD On-board diagnostics or off-board diagnostics, vehicle-internal diagnosis with internal or external test unit, usually proper name OBF Upper control panel. Above or on the dashboard, some vehicles have switches or buttons, such as for the rear-window defogger. These elements together comprise a control panel, which is referred to as the upper control panel to distinguish it from another control panel near the gearshift lever or below the radio. OBM On-board measurement OC Oxidation catalytic converter ODFT Sensor for oil pressure and temperature ODS Automatic overdrive control OEDS Oil pressure switch OEF Location of missing vehicles (via GPS) OEM Original equipment manufacturer OES Original equipment service. Service or spare parts via the vehicle manufacturer. OFFSET-V Voltage offset OG Upper limit or Upper tolerance limit OHC Overhead camshaft. Camshaft situated above the cylinder head. Often used in engine designations. OHV Overhead valves (the camshaft is therefore underneath) OMM Surface micromechanics OOP Out-of-position detection OP Oil pump OPC Opel Performance Centre. Centre for automotive sports (Opel). OR Logical OR operation OSRVM Outside rear-view mirror (Opel) OT Top dead centre OTA Oxygen/titanium emissions sensor. Titanium oxide sensor. See also OZA. OTF Oil temperature sensor OUD oUD: Without vacuum OUT Designation on diesel pump for excess-flow restriction screw OZ Octane rating. See also ROZ. OZA Oxygen/zirconium emissions sensor. Zirconium oxide sensor. See also OTA. P Pressure, or Power train (used with OBD error codes, for example), or Portugal PA Pa: pascal, physical unit of pressure. See also HPA, KPA, and MPA. PA: Parking assistant PAG Polyethylene glycol oil, low-temperature oil PAM Parking assistant module (Opel) PANS Pans: Intake air pressure (in hPa) PAS Peripheral airbag sensor (side airbag) PASE Passive start and entry. Keyless access to car and engine start (Siemens system). Also called Keyless Go (Mercedes, for example) PATA Passive button. Button in vehicle with which a function can be set to the passive (off) state PATS Passive antitheft system PB Pb: chemical symbol for lead (Latin: plumbum) PBM Pulse width modulated, signal processing method (prior to sending), usually proper name PBSL Park brake shift lock. Selector lever lock for automatic transmission (Opel) PC Power control or Personal computer PCM Power train control module or Porsche Communication Management, central multimedia control unit for various functions PCU Pump control unit (diesel systems), or Power control unit, hybrid-drive control (Honda) PCV Positive crankcase ventilation, closed crankshaft ventilation PD Pump-nozzle PDAS Dynamic 4-wheel control, usually proper name PDC Park distance control. Parking aid, often proper name, or Pre-drive check (testing of EHB systems) PDE Pump-nozzle unit (new designation is UIS) PDM Passenger door module (Opel) PDOE Nozzle opening pressure PEHKS Pedestrian protection hood kinematics system. Ford mechanical system that raises the hood (bonnet) in the case of an impact (such as hitting a pedestrian). See also POBSY. PES Polyellipsoid system (headlight technique) PES-SW Polyellipsoid headlight(s) PFA Particle filter system PFI Port fuel injection, inlet-channel injection P-FP p-FP: Delivery pump pressure. PG Phase sensor PH Pressure high, high pressure PHI phi: Greek letter used to designate angles. PHS Park heater system PI Pilot injection. See also POI, MI, and HE. PID Parameter identifier, part of CARB, code for current values or similar parameters, usually proper name P-IN p-in: Delivery pressure PIP Profile ignition pickup, ignition output circuit (Ford) or Signal of Hall sensor for crankshaft RPM and position PJ Pilot-Jection PKW Passenger car P

poate e o prostie mai mare ca mine (eu avand 1.92 cm inaltime) dar eu zic ca rezultatul dorit il poti obtine nu cu mana ci cu o masina de gaurit cu turiatie variabila (la turatia maxima s-ar putea sa topesti datorita frecarii) si in loc de burghiu sa ii pui un disc cu pasla e doar o parere :blink: incercare moarte n-are :)

Buna tuturor am citit toate paginile dar pe bune tot nu am reusit sa ajung la o comcluzie ce oloi ar trebui sa ii dau la un 525d din 2000 M57 cu 200 de mii la bord identificat de TIS dupa cod "GW52206" Culmea ca si mie fostul proprietar mi spus "mia legat se suflet" sa ii dau GTX 7 - 5W40. Consumul de ulei nu stiu sa vil spun dar de cand am luat-o nu s-a miscat nivelul pe joja si am facut 2000. de fumuri nici nu poate fi vb. Ce priveste varianta "romaneasca" dupa cate am inteles TXT si asta mi-a spus si fostu stapan e un mare caca, :blink: vizibil la pahar, atingere culmea si la miros. La gustat nu am avut tupeu :)) De la reprezentantza nu stiu ce sa zic 50/50 si da si ba :) :) Cred ca voi respecta traditia si am sa rog pe cineva sa imi aduca GTX 7 - 5W40 Nu sunt talpa grea dar din cand in gand ini vine si mie sa le dau la toti 160 de kai bice dar in orice caz sub rosu. Apropo de Mobil 1 ce scrie pe ambalaj unde e preparat :D Ce parere aveti ?

Va rog mult daca aveti cunostintza de far avariat cu elementele de ajustare ca in pozaele de mai sus sa dati un nr. de tel. Merci mult Please :blink:

a trecut luni :blink:(

Ma scuzati, ma scizati => se vede ca nu am citit cu atentie ci doar am dat cu bifa :blink: Promit ca nu se va mai intampla :)

153 745-00 piesa mare si 153 753-00 piesa mica astept cu nerabdare :blink: pe bune :) E cod de Hella etk nu stie asa ceva :)(

Pai zi repede ca circul de 1 luna chior si poate ma trezesc cu ceva :) Eu sunt din Timisoara O precizare astea http://www.realoem.com/bmw/partgrp.do?mode...536&hg=63&fg=05 nu mi-s bune, e varianta de far factua dupa 2000/11 e diferit, al meu are semnaluzarea impreuna cu farul si in fatza si capacul din spate :) http://www.bmwtips.com/tipsntricks/headlig...ustment-fix.htm astea nu is bune :blink:(

TIS-ul e bine sa il ai TIS = cauti simptomatica si aflii cauza si multe altele mentenatza intretinere s.a.m.d.

Buna, Ma poate ajuta cineva cu un far de 525 2000/11 avariat, am nevoie de cele doua elemente de ajustare din poaza. La reprezentantza se livreaza doar cu far cu tot = 400 euroi:) Multumesc

Totul despre BMW = TIS & ETK Le gasiti pe torrents

Nu face tot timpul ca draqu daca ii dusa doar o "gaura" ca sa ma exprim asa :) Doar la plecare unde forta e mare mai ales daca e incarcata masina si char si goala ca doar e 1.5 t + 90 Kg ale mele e ceva de miscat de pe loc, si e foarte usor sa o faci sa "cante" prin procedura descrisa mai sus Accelerzi usor apoi ridici piciorul de pe acceleratie si jucandu-te asa o vei auzi zbierand "schimba-ma" :blink: